These H and P phrases provide standardized safety and hazard information and support the uniform labelling of chemical products worldwide. As a central component of the CLP Regulation (Classification, Labeling and Packaging), they prevent misunderstandings and facilitate the clear communication of risks.
H-phrases describe the risks posed by a chemical substance, such as flammability or toxicity.
P-phrases explain how to handle a substance safely, for example by using protective clothing or storing it correctly.
The combination of both significantly increases safety in handling.
Why are they important?
The kits play a crucial role in chemical safety by protecting users from accidents and helping to prevent damage to the environment. They also ensure that companies can comply with the legal requirements of the CLP Regulation.
Without clear labeling, risks could easily be overlooked, which is why this information helps to raise awareness of the responsible use of chemicals.
Structure
Each sentence consists of a letter and a three-digit number, with the letters “H” and “P” indicating whether it is a hazard warning (H) or a precautionary statement (P). The three-digit number classifies the type of notice more precisely.
Categories of hazard warnings
- H200-H290: Physical hazards (e.g. flammability, explosiveness)
- H300-H373: Health hazards (e.g. toxicity or corrosivity)
- H400-H413: Environmental hazards (e.g. water hazard)
Categories of safety instructions
- P101-P103: General information (e.g. “Keep out of the reach of children”)
- P201-P285: Precautionary statements (e.g. “Wear protective gloves”)
- P301-P390: What to do in an emergency (e.g. “If swallowed, seek medical advice immediately”)
- P401-P410: Storage instructions
- P501: Disposal instructions
Examples
Hazard warnings
- H225: Highly flammable liquid and vapor.
- H302: Harmful if swallowed.
- H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.
Safety instructions
- P102: Keep out of the reach of children.
- P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/goggles.
- P501: Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local regulations.
Combined instructions – Practical, but not mandatory
The phrases are often combined, such as H302+H312 or P301+P330+P331, whereby these combinations are used to group similar instructions together and save space on labels.
Although such links are helpful, they are not mandatory. In addition, individual sentences can also be used to clarify specific risks.
Tips for the safe handling of chemicals
- Read the instructions: Pay attention to the phrases before using a product.
- Implement protective measures: If necessary, wear protective equipment such as gloves or safety goggles.
- Observe the storage instructions: Always store chemicals in accordance with the instructions.
- Protect the environment: Follow the disposal instructions to avoid damage.
- Know your emergency plans: Know what to do in the event of an accident.
